Which microphone is better — condenser or dynamic

In a professional environment, dynamic and condenser microphones are considered the most popular today. Each of these types of audio devices has its own characteristics and an excellent mechanism for converting sounds into electrical signals. Which type of microphone is better — dynamic or, nevertheless, condenser? These issues were discussed by our experts.

Features of dynamic microphones

The diaphragm of this audio device is presented in the form of a thin plastic film that vibrates. This film is plated with nickel/gold and fixed next to a fixed plate made of a conductive material. An electric field is created between the plate and the diaphragm using an external source or an electrect material located directly in the microphone.

In the first case, we are talking about phantom power or an electric battery, which allow you to apply a polarizing voltage to the diaphragm. In the second case, a polarized material (electrical) is placed in the inner plate or diaphragm. Under the influence of a sound wave, the diaphragm moves, changing the capacity of the air chamber, which serves as a separator between the diaphragm and the plate.

Dynamic microphones come in a variety of shapes and sizes, from very small to large-diaphragm models. By the way, the design of the product in question plays a significant role in the sound of the device. For example, a large diaphragm will provide a deep, smooth sound, allowing you to create the perfect vocal reproduction. This is the best option for brass instruments and bass drums.

Generally, dynamic microphones are appreciated for their durability, practicality of operation and purity of sound reproduction. But such products also have their weak points: frequency range and high sensitivity. Manufacturers of dynamic audio products are struggling with these unpleasant moments with all their might: in recent years, the shortcomings have been minimized.

Features of condenser microphones

Condenser microphones have a completely different type of transducer. Most models of this audio device are a combination of a fixed rear panel and a movable front panel, fixed at a certain distance from each other. When sound hits the front panel, it vibrates, creating a small capacitive change that turns into an electrical charge. True, it is very small and requires the action of a certain amplifier.

Accordingly, a capacitor-type product requires a large number of electrical circuits to create an audio recording. And for such manipulations, of course, a power source is required.

Condenser microphones have been used for many years. The technology of operation of such audio devices is very simple: in the process of moving the diaphragm, the distance between it and the fixed plate changes, the resulting capacitive change creates an electric charge. Condenser microphones are highly sensitive, making them ideal for capturing all kinds of sounds, including those outside the frequency range accessible to the human ear.

Products with larger capacitors should be chosen when vocal recordings are planned, while smaller diameters are better suited for precise recordings. By the way, it is condenser-type microphones that are built into mobile devices, computers, and even in some car models.

Comparative characteristics

In general, the choice of a certain type of device depends mainly on preference and, in some cases, on the characteristics of the working conditions. In general, condenser microphones are still the preferred choice of most. But, for example, for adverse weather conditions, you can’t imagine a better dynamic one. To simplify the process of choosing the right option, we have prepared a comparative description of the two types of products.